Q.Soil Health & Amendments
What is organic matter and how do I increase it?
A.
Soil organic matter (OM) is decomposed plant and animal residue. It improves water-holding capacity, nutrient retention (CEC), structure, and microbial life. Most cropland soils are 1-3% OM; healthy farm soils run 4-6%; pristine prairie can hit 8-12%. Increase OM by adding compost, cover-cropping, reducing tillage, and applying manure.
Cover crops are the most cost-effective long-term path to higher OM. See cover crop questions and crop calendar pages.